木工操作規(guī)程

　　Woodworking Safety Operating Procedures

　　1、崗位職責1.1負責各種木工機械的日常例行保養(yǎng)，及對各種木工機械進行檢查、維修、調整，并做好記錄，使處于良好工作狀態(tài)。1.2負責對日常作業(yè)中產生的各種廢料、木屑及時清理，保持作業(yè)場地的整潔、條理。1.3負責作業(yè)場地的火災預防工作。1.4嚴格按照施工技術交底及操作規(guī)程進行作業(yè)。

　　1. Job Safety Responsibilities 1.1 Responsible for the daily routine maintenance of various woodworking machinery, as well as inspecting, repairing, and adjusting various woodworking machinery, and keeping records to ensure they are in good working condition. 1.2 Responsible for timely cleaning of various waste materials and sawdust generated in daily operations, and maintaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the work site. 1.3 Responsible for fire prevention work at the work site. 1.4 Strictly follow the construction safety technical disclosure and safety operation procedures for the operation.

　　2、崗位任職條件2.1接受過良好的技術及技能培訓。2.2持證上崗。

　　2. Job requirements 2.1: Have received good professional safety technology and skills training. 2.2 Work with certification.

　　3、上崗作業(yè)準備3.1接受技術交底，并熟悉其內容。3.2檢查各木工機械性能是否良好，仔細檢查刀軸是否固定，防護罩、制動裝置等是否處于完好狀態(tài)，鋸條、鋸片等有無損傷及裂口。3.3檢查木料上有無鐵釘、鉛絲頭或其他硬雜物，并檢查木料是否腐朽、扭裂、劈裂。3.4檢查電線線路絕緣情況及各開關觸點是否良好。3.5穿好工作服、戴好護發(fā)帽，佩戴必要的勞動防護用品，如防塵口罩、護目鏡、護耳器等。操作時不應戴手套，在有可能被木材傷腳的作業(yè)點，操作者應穿防扎工作鞋。

　　3. Job Preparation 3.1 Accept safety technical briefing and familiarize oneself with its content. 3.2 Check whether the performance of each woodworking machinery is good, carefully inspect whether the blade shaft is fixed, whether the protective cover, braking device, etc. are in good condition, and whether the saw blade, saw blade, etc. are damaged or cracked. 3.3 Check for iron nails, wire heads, or other hard debris on the wood, and inspect for decay, twisting, or splitting of the wood. 3.4 Check the insulation condition of the electrical wiring and whether the contacts of each switch are in good condition. 3.5 Wear work clothes, hair care hats, and necessary labor protection equipment such as dust masks, goggles, ear protectors, etc. Gloves should not be worn during operation, and in work sites where feet may be injured by wood, operators should wear anti puncture work shoes.

　　4、操作規(guī)程4.1帶鋸機操作要點4.1.1開機后，待鋸條達到轉速時，方可進料，進料速度應根據(jù)材質軟硬及有無節(jié)子、裂紋和鋸割材料厚度等進行控制；進料時要注意觀察鋸口，入鋸時要做到穩(wěn)和慢，不可用力過猛；以防鋸條損壞傷人。4.1.2鋸割中，要時刻觀察運轉中的鋸條動向，如鋸條發(fā)生前后竄動，發(fā)出破碎聲及其他異?，F(xiàn)象時，要立即停機，以防鋸條折斷傷人。4.1.3操作時，手和鋸條應保持一定的距離，其距離不得小于50厘米，且不許將手伸過鋸條，以防傷手。4.1.4進行鋸割時，不允許邊鋸割邊調整導軌；鋸條運轉中，也不允許調整鋸卡，以防發(fā)生事故。4.1.5下手在往回送木料時，應注意木料與鋸條的位置，以免木 料碰撞或頂脫鋸條。鋸割中若出現(xiàn)夾鋸現(xiàn)象，應由下手將木料鋸口分 開，切勿倒退，以防鋸條脫落。當工作臺面上鋸條通路有碎木等阻塞時，應用木棍剝離，必要時停機排除，切不可用手，以防傷手。4.1.6卸鋸條時，一定要切斷電源，等鋸條停穩(wěn)后進行；換鋸條時，手要拿穩(wěn)，防止鋸條彈跳傷人。

　　4. Safety Operation Regulations 4.1 Key Points for Safe Operation of Band Saw 4.1.1 After starting up, the feeding can only be carried out when the saw blade reaches the maximum speed. The feeding speed should be controlled according to the material hardness, whether there are knots, cracks, and the thickness of the sawing material; When feeding, pay attention to observing the saw edge. When feeding, be steady and slow, and do not apply too much force; To prevent injury caused by damage to the saw blade. 4.1.2 During sawing, it is necessary to constantly observe the movement of the saw blade during operation. If the saw blade moves back and forth, makes a sound of breakage or other abnormal phenomena, the machine should be stopped immediately to prevent the saw blade from breaking and injuring people. During operation, the hand and saw blade should maintain a certain distance, which should not be less than 50 centimeters, and the hand should not be extended over the saw blade to prevent injury. During sawing, it is not allowed to adjust the guide rail while sawing; During the operation of the saw blade, it is not allowed to adjust the saw card to prevent accidents. 4.1.5 When returning wood, pay attention to the position of the wood and saw blade to avoid collision or detachment of the saw blade. If there is a pinching phenomenon during sawing, the wooden saw should be separated by hand and not reversed to prevent the saw blade from falling off. When there are broken wood or other blockages in the saw blade path on the workbench, use a wooden stick to remove them. If necessary, stop the machine and remove them. Do not use your hands to remove them to prevent injury. 4.1.6 When disassembling the saw blade, be sure to cut off the power and wait for the blade to come to a complete stop before proceeding; When changing the saw blade, hold it firmly to prevent the blade from bouncing and injuring people.

　　4.2縱截圓鋸機操作要點4.2.1圓鋸機操作前，應檢查鋸片是否有斷齒或裂口現(xiàn)象，然后安裝鋸片，鋸片安裝應牢固，鋸片應與主軸同心，其內孔與軸的空隙 不應超過0.15～0.2毫米，否則會產生離心慣性力，造成鋸片旋轉時擺動。4.2.2操作時，要兩人同時配合進行，上手推料入鋸，下手接拉鋸盡。上手推料，距鋸片30厘米以外就要撒手，人站在鋸片的側面。下手回送木料時，要防止木料碰撞鋸片，以免彈射傷人。4.2.3入鋸要穩(wěn)要慢，直線勻速推進。進料速度要根據(jù)木料軟硬、尺寸厚薄、是否有節(jié)子等靈活掌握。鋸割較硬或較厚的木材時要慢，遇節(jié)疤時要更慢，以防夾鋸。木料夾鋸時應立即關掉電機，在鋸口處插入木楔擴大鋸路后再鋸。

　　4.2 Safety operation points for longitudinal circular saw machine 4.2.1 Before operating the circular saw machine, the saw blade should be checked for broken teeth or cracks, and then the saw blade should be installed firmly. The saw blade should be concentric with the main shaft, and the gap between its inner hole and the shaft should not exceed 0.15-0.2 millimeters, otherwise it will generate eccentric inertia force, causing the saw blade to swing when rotating. 4.2.2 When operating, two people should cooperate at the same time, pushing the material into the saw with one hand and pulling the saw with the other hand. Push the material with your hands, and you need to let go when you are 30 centimeters away from the saw blade. Stand on the side of the saw blade. When returning wood, it is important to prevent the wood from colliding with the saw blade to prevent injury from ejection. 4.2.3 The sawing process should be stable and slow, with a straight and uniform advance. The feeding speed should be flexibly controlled according to the softness, size, thickness, and presence of knots of the wood. Sawing harder or thicker wood should be done slowly, and even slower when encountering knots to prevent pinching. When sawing wood, the motor should be turned off immediately, and a wooden wedge should be inserted into the saw slot to expand the saw path before sawing.

　　4.3橫截圓鋸機操作要點4.3.1開機前做好檢查。檢查鋸片是否上牢，鋸片由鋸軸上的法蘭、螺母緊固，螺紋的旋轉方向應與鋸片的旋轉方向相反。上鋸片時應使用扳手，不可用錘擊。然后檢查機械各部件及電器設備是否良好。4.3.2使用帶推車的橫截圓鋸機時，操作人員應一手按木料， 一手推車勻速進料，身體站住且不要正對鋸口。當截長料時，上料與接料人員應配合好，并使長料與工作臺或推車保持正確的相對位置。4.3.3當鋸完一個鋸程時，應使剩余木料離開鋸口，防止倒車時木料碰撞鋸片。

　　4.3 Safety operation points for transverse circular saw machine 4.3.1 Conduct a comprehensive inspection before starting up. Firstly, check if the saw blade is securely fastened. The saw blade is fastened by the flange and nut on the saw shaft, and the rotation direction of the thread should be opposite to that of the saw blade. When using the saw blade, a wrench should be used instead of hammering. Then check whether the mechanical components and electrical equipment are in good condition. 4.3.2 When using a transverse circular saw machine with a trolley, the operator should press the wood with one hand and feed the trolley at a constant speed, while standing still and not facing the saw edge. When cutting long materials, the feeding and receiving personnel should cooperate well and keep the long materials in the correct relative position with the workbench or cart. 4.3.3 After completing one sawing stroke, the remaining wood should be moved away from the saw edge to prevent the wood from colliding with the saw blade when reversing.

　　4.4吊截鋸操作要點4.4.1操作前，要先校正鋸片，保持垂直，擰緊螺母，固定好防護罩。然后，鋸臺及鋸片前方的碎木、雜物等，以免操作時雜物撞擊鋸片或傷人。4.4.2操作時，將木料放在鋸臺上，緊靠靠板，對好長度，一手按料，一手拉機架手把，待鋸片運轉正常時，即可開始送入木料。拉手把要穩(wěn)，用力要均勻，截完后慢慢放手。切勿猛拉猛放，否則會出現(xiàn)機械或傷人事故。4.4.3操作時，人要站在鋸片側面，以防鋸片破碎飛出傷人。4.4.4按料時，手需離鋸片30cm以上，短于25cm的料不得使用吊截鋸鋸斷。4.4.5進料速度要慢要穩(wěn)，遇到卡鋸時，應立即停鋸，退出鋸片，然后再緩慢進行鋸截。

　　4.4 Safety operation points for hanging and cutting saws 4.4.1 Before operation, the saw blade should be calibrated, kept vertical, the nut tightened, and the protective cover fixed. Then, remove the broken wood, debris, etc. in front of the saw table and saw blade to prevent them from hitting the saw blade or injuring people during operation. 4.4.2 During operation, place the wood on the saw table, close to the support plate, align the length, press the material with one hand, and pull the frame handle with the other hand. When the saw blade is running normally, the wood can be fed in. Hold the handle steadily, apply even force, and slowly release it after cutting. Do not pull or release forcefully, otherwise mechanical or injury accidents may occur. During operation, people should stand on the side of the saw blade to prevent the blade from breaking and flying out, causing injury. 4.4.4 When feeding, the hand should be at least 30cm away from the saw blade, and materials shorter than 25cm should not be cut by a hanging saw. 4.4.5 The feeding speed should be slow and stable. When encountering a stuck saw, the saw should be stopped immediately, the saw blade should be removed, and then the cutting should be carried out slowly.

　　4.5平刨操作要點4.5.1操作時，根據(jù)工件刨削面的要求，調整好工作臺，前臺面比后臺面略低，高度之差即刨削厚度，一般控制在1～2.5mm之間。4.5.2開動機器，待刀軸運轉正常后方可對工件進行刨削。刨削的吃刀量不宜太大，刨削速度也應適當控制，使刀軸保持正常運轉。4.5.3刨削時，應根據(jù)工件材質的軟硬、加工面的木材纖維紋理方向和寬度等因素來調整刨削量。一般在不影響刀軸正常運轉和進料速度的情況下，如工件質軟、寬度較窄的縱向刨削時吃刀量可大一些；反之吃刀量應小一些。4.5.4在刨削裝合工件(例如木板膠接或釘接的工件)時，應檢查是否會刨著圓釘或螺釘?shù)冉饘偌蝗粲袆t應用釘銃將圓釘銃下或用旋鑿旋人再進行刨削。同時還要邊刨邊檢查，以免損壞刀具。4.5.5當刨削長400mm、厚30mm以下的短件時要用推輥送料，刨削長400mm、厚30mm以下的薄板要用推板送料，以免傷手。長300mm、厚20mm以下的木料，不應在平刨機上刨削，而應將短工件、小工件配制成倍數(shù)的長料、大料，待刨光后再截取，以確保。4.5.6操作時，人要站在工作臺的左側中間；兩手一前一后。左手按壓木料，右手均勻推送木料。當右手離刨口15cm 時要立即脫離料面，靠左手推送。若兩人操作時；應互相密切：配合，上手臺前送料要穩(wěn)準，下手臺后接料要慢拉，待木料過刨口30cm后方可去拉接。4.5.7刨削過程中遇有節(jié)疤、紋理不順或材質較硬時；應放慢進料速度。在一般情況下，進料速度應控制在4～15m/min。4.5.8刨刀磨損變鈍應及時更換，因為鈍的刨刀不但刨削效率不高，而且刨到節(jié)子或嗆槎處，木料常被撥退跳動，易刨傷手指。

　　4.5 Safety operation points for flat planing 4.5.1 During operation, adjust the workbench according to the requirements of the workpiece planing surface. The front surface is slightly lower than the back surface, and the height difference is the planing thickness, which is generally controlled between 1-2.5mm. 4.5.2 Start the machine and wait for the tool shaft to operate normally before planing the workpiece. The cutting amount for planing should not be too large, and the planing speed should also be appropriately controlled to maintain the normal operation of the cutter shaft. 4.5.3 When planing, the amount of planing should be adjusted based on factors such as the softness and hardness of the workpiece material, the direction and width of the wood fiber texture on the machined surface. Generally, when the workpiece is soft and narrow in width, the cutting amount can be increased without affecting the normal operation of the tool shaft and the feeding speed; On the contrary, the amount of knife should be smaller. When planing and assembling workpieces (such as wooden glued or nailed workpieces), the first thing to check is whether they will be planing metal parts such as round nails or screws; If there is, use a nail gun to lower the round nail gun or use a rotary chisel to rotate the person before planing. At the same time, it is necessary to inspect while planing to avoid damaging the cutting tools. When planing short pieces with a length of 400mm and a thickness of less than 30mm, a push roller should be used for feeding. When planing thin plates with a length of 400mm and a thickness of less than 30mm, a push plate should be used for feeding to avoid injuring hands. Wood with a length of 300mm and a thickness of 20mm or less should not be planed on a planer. Instead, short and small workpieces should be prepared into multiples of long and large materials, and cut after planing to ensure safety. During operation, the person should stand in the middle of the left side of the workbench; Two hands, one in front and one behind. Press the wood with your left hand and push it evenly with your right hand. When the right hand is 15cm away from the cutting edge, immediately detach from the material surface and push with the left hand. If two people are operating; Close coordination should be maintained: the feeding in front of the workbench should be stable and accurate, and the material should be slowly pulled after the workbench is lowered. Only after the wood passes 30cm through the planing hole can it be pulled and connected. When encountering knots, uneven textures, or hard materials during the planing process; The feeding speed should be slowed down. In general, the feeding speed should be controlled between 4-15m/min. 4.5.8 If the planer becomes dull due to wear and tear, it should be replaced in a timely manner, because dull planers not only have low efficiency in planing, but also often cause the wood to bounce back and hurt the fingers when planing at joints or chokes.

　　4.6壓刨床操作要點4.6.1操作前，應認真檢查機械各部分及防護裝置是否良好，然后按木料要求的尺寸及機床標尺刻度仔細調整機床。調整合適后，試運轉1～3分鐘，待轉速正常后，方可進料，每次吃刀深度不超過2mm。4.6.2操作時；兩人要配合好，一人進料，一人接料。要站在刨床左右側或稍后，以防工件飛出傷人。進料時手指不要放在工件下面，接料工人應等工件離開出料輥筒后接料，不得硬拉；上手送料時，手須遠離滾筒。4.6.3在刨削時，遇有木料不動；可用棒推進；如無效，應先停進料滾筒，再停刀軸，待停穩(wěn)后放低臺面，取出工件，排除故障。4.6.4厚度差距大于2mm以上的幾個工件不許同時刨削，以防較薄的工件因壓不緊而彈回傷人。4.6.5操作過程中，應經(jīng)常塞在下滾筒與臺面之間縫隙內的木渣、木屑與粘在臺面與滾筒上的樹脂。肘應停車或降落臺面，用木棒撥出。4.6.6更換刨刀時，應在關機并等刀軸自然停穩(wěn)后進行。不可人為強制使刀軸停止旋轉。

　　4.6 Key points for safe operation of planer 4.6.1 Before operation, carefully check whether all parts of the machinery and safety protection devices are in good condition, and then adjust the machine tool carefully according to the required dimensions of the wood and the scale of the machine tool ruler. After adjusting appropriately, test run for 1-3 minutes until the speed is normal before feeding. The cutting depth should not exceed 2mm each time. 4.6.2 During operation; Two people need to cooperate well, one feeding and the other receiving. Stand on the left and right sides of the planer or later to prevent the workpiece from flying out and injuring people. When feeding, do not place your fingers under the workpiece. The material receiving worker should wait for the workpiece to leave the discharge roller before receiving the material, and should not forcefully pull it; When manually feeding, keep your hands away from the drum. 4.6.3 Do not move when encountering wood during planing; Can be propelled with a safety rod; If it is ineffective, the feeding drum should be stopped first, then the knife shaft should be stopped. After it stops steadily, the table should be lowered, the workpiece should be removed, and the fault should be eliminated. Several workpieces with a thickness difference greater than 2mm are not allowed to be simultaneously machined to prevent thinner workpieces from bouncing back and injuring people due to insufficient pressure. During the operation process, it is necessary to regularly remove wood debris, sawdust, and resin stuck to the gap between the lower drum and the table surface. Remove the elbow and park or land on the platform, then use a wooden stick to pull it out. 4.6.6 When replacing the planer blade, it should be done after turning off the machine and waiting for the blade shaft to come to a natural stop. Do not artificially force the blade shaft to stop rotating.

　　4.7木工銑床安傘操作要點4.7.1使用銑床時應思想集中，特別是當兩人同機工作時，更要配合默契，上手送料，按料不應將手伸過刀口，而應在離刀口20cm聲右時放手；下手接料不要過猛，應緩慢拉接。4.7.2推料速度不宜過快，工與銑刀回轉速度、加工量的大小及材質的軟硬相適應。銑削過程中，遇到工件局部看逆紋或節(jié)疤時，應將木料壓住，減慢送料速度，以防工件彈回傷人。4.7.3銑刀在加工中損壞，從刀軸上拋出是很危險的，因此必須選用剛性好、刃口鋒利且平衡對稱的銑刀；銑刀應由有經(jīng)驗的工人家裝，安裝間隙要適當，與刀軸配合應牢固，裝配式銑刀的月片與方刀軸的槽要配合精確；在銑削過程中；要隨時注意銑刀的平衡狀態(tài)，以防發(fā)生意外。4.7.4銑削過程中，工件不可隨意退回，否則容易發(fā)生事故；如遇特殊情況，非退回不可，應做好準備再退。4.7.5當使用樣模銑削曲線形工件時；若工件較大；為確保，擋環(huán)安裝在刀頭的上方。4.7.6銑削時，用長柄刷子從工作臺上及時木屑和碎片。

　　4.7 Key Points for Installing Umbrellas on Woodworking Milling Machines 4.7.1 When using a milling machine, one should concentrate their thoughts, especially when two people are working on the same machine. They should work together in a coordinated manner, feed and press the material with their hands, and should not extend their hands beyond the cutting edge. Instead, they should release their hands when they are 20cm away from the cutting edge; Do not use too much force when picking up the material, pull it slowly. 4.7.2 The pushing speed should not be too fast, and the rotation speed of the tool and milling cutter, the size of the machining amount, and the softness and hardness of the material should be suitable. During the milling process, when encountering local reverse lines or knots on the workpiece, the wood should be pressed down and the feeding speed should be slowed down to prevent the workpiece from bouncing back and injuring people. 4.7.3 It is very dangerous for milling cutters to be damaged during machining and thrown out of the cutter shaft, so it is necessary to choose milling cutters with good rigidity, sharp cutting edges, and balanced symmetry; The milling cutter should be installed by experienced workers, with appropriate installation clearance and a firm fit with the cutter shaft. The monthly blade of the assembled milling cutter should match the groove of the square cutter shaft accurately; During the milling process; Always pay attention to the balance of the milling cutter to prevent accidents. During the milling process, the workpiece cannot be returned at will, otherwise accidents may occur; In case of special circumstances, it is necessary to return the item and be prepared before returning. 4.7.5 When using a sample mold to mill curved workpieces; If the workpiece is large; To ensure safety, it is best to install the retaining ring above the blade. During milling, use a long handled brush to promptly remove sawdust and debris from the worktable.

　　5、其他注意事項5.1工作完畢或臨時停止工作進行維護檢修時，都應切斷電源，以免機床意外轉動。5.2機械周圍要經(jīng)常清理，防止工人被碎木絆倒或被木屑、刨花滑倒。5.3在木材有回彈危險的地方，應設防彈裝置并要經(jīng)常檢查它的可靠性。5.4新工人上機前，必須行培訓，操作上要達到一定的熟練程度，同時要了解各種傷害的可能性和防護方法。5.5工作場所及周圍嚴禁煙火。

　　5. Other precautions 5.1 When the work is completed or temporarily stopped for maintenance and repair, the power should be cut off to avoid accidental rotation of the machine tool. 5.2 The area around the machinery should be cleaned regularly to prevent workers from tripping over broken wood or slipping on sawdust or shavings. 5.3 In areas where there is a risk of rebound in wood, bulletproof devices should be installed and their reliability should be regularly checked. Before new workers enter the machine, they must receive training to achieve a certain level of proficiency in operation, while also understanding the possibility of various injuries and protective methods. Smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited in and around the workplace.

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